Why do governments sometimes appoint economic policymakers with economics training, whilst others do not? New research by Mark Hallerberg and Joachim Wehner suggests that levels of economics education among finance ministers are substantially higher in new democracies than in old ones, and that the appointment of an economics PhD as a central bank president is 22 per cent more likely durinCB President] Draghi countered the view of [German Finance Minister] Schäuble that the Island Republic of Cyprus is not ‘systemically relevant,’ and that a bankruptcy of the country is not a danger to the future of the Eurozone. Such a comment is what one hears especially from lawyers, argued Draghi. The question whether Cyprus is systemically relevant or not is not a question a lawyer can answer. It is a topic for economists. Schäuble has a degree in law.” – Spiegel, first seen in Eurointelligence Daily Briefing, 28In Understanding Policy Change: How to Apply Political Economy Concepts in Practice, political economists working for the World Bank seek to explain why economic development policy projects in certain countries chronically yield underwhelming or negative results. Cristina Corduneanu-Huci, Alexander Hamilton and Issel Masses Ferrer consider what can be done to incentivise and facilitate rectification through collective action. In seeking to inventory the myriad causal mechanisms and pathways that can affect the trajectory of development policies, the authors first aspire to endow practitioners, lay readers and students with the diagnostic tools necessary to unpick the many possible prejudicial processes that affect economic development policy reform projects. Secondly, they attempt to provide readers with the navigational tools with which to decrypt the complex maps of opportunities andAdequate licensing and attribution of scholarly work in the digital age have presented many issues for scholarly and publishing communities. While many open access advocates consider Creative Comm licenses and argues that the lack of restrictions ctually leaves open access vulnerable and other options should be explored.Last November I completed a doctorate at the Simon Fraser University School of Communication on Freedom for scholarship in the internet age. My dissertation builds on many years of open access advocacy and my career as a professional librarian. My work focuses on open access and transforming scholarly communication to a system that prioritizes what I consider the important goals of scholarly work: advancing the knowledge of humankind and supporting the work of scholars themselves. In the course of preparing my chapter on open access I undertook a preliminary mapping of open access and the Creative Commons () licenses. My conclusion is that while the Creative Commons licenses are highly valuable tools for open access, the two don’t really map. constraints facing reformers. January 2013.g a banking crisis.The progr over Green. won’t, for now, go into the question of which of these reasons are andfavour an approach to open access where publishers keep final versions of their papers behind paywalls, but drafts are deposited in institutional repositories (Ito think that this relatively lightweight way of solving the access problem can work. Unfortunately, I’m not convinced it can, for several reasons. I’ll discuss these below, not so much with the intentiRs) and people who want to read the paper can have access to the drafts.It’s appealing able to explain why it can work after all.